Key points supported by research:

• Post Traumatic Slave Syndrome (PTSS): Dr. Joy DeGruy’s theory of PTSS explains how centuries of slavery and subsequent oppression have led to adaptive survival behaviors and psychological patterns in Black communities, such as feelings of hopelessness, depression, mistrust, and internalized racism134.

• Intergenerational Trauma: Emotional scars from family separations, violence, and dehumanization during slavery have been passed down, affecting mental health, identity, and family structures for generations567.

• Ongoing Impact: The effects of historical trauma are compounded by current systemic racism and social inequities, leading to higher rates of mental health challenges, economic disadvantages, and mistrust in institutions, including healthcare167.

• Not “Damaged Beyond Return”: While the trauma is real and significant, Black communities have also shown remarkable resilience, adaptation, and strength. Cultural expressions, kinship networks, and community support systems have been vital in coping and healing5.

• Mental Health Care Barriers: Despite these challenges, African Americans often underutilize mental health services, partly due to mistrust, stigma, and inadequate care, which can perpetuate the cycle of trauma27.

“The trauma of enslavement has been carried by African Americans through the ages. As a result, African Americans today have suffered psychological and emotional injuries and adopted survival strategies to cope.”2

The legacy of slavery and oppression has left deep psychological and social scars that continue to affect mental health and community well-being. Addressing these challenges requires acknowledgment of historical trauma, culturally competent mental health care, and systemic change to promote healing and equity